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ORIENTERING: Cities in crisis

The world's largest construction site

UKRAINE: Reconstruction costs for Ukraine are estimated by the World Bank at 411 billion dollars. Discussions about the design and reconstruction of Ukrainian cities after the war are in full swing. There are now five pilot projects for Kharkiv: on rivers, industry, cultural heritage, industrial buildings and a science park.

Regional investment and governance is necessary

AFTER THE WAR: Ukraine's regions may emerge from the war as economically weak, underpopulated and with limited administrative capacity. The flow of aid money threatens to lead to continued immigration to Kyiv at the expense of the regions.