ideology

resurrection: Asef Bayat tries to challenge the analysis of the Arab Spring (2011) as an unequivocal defeat. He is absolutely right to focus on the space occupation model. Bayat has introduced the term 'refolution' as a description of the uprisings – without reference to the three dominant models of revolution.

iDEOLOGY: By agreeing on a suitable 'enemy', a disintegrated society finds coherence, energy and meaning. A totalitarian propaganda has led to the conclusion that Ukraine will now be allowed to use F-16 jets against the nuclear power Russia – with the major consequences this may entail.

How is the development of society understood? Through ideas, actors and concrete processes, or through discourses, management techniques and projects for societal formation? MODERN TIMES's Svein Hammer picks up two books that are in relation to each other (one his own).

LANGUAGE DEBATE: How can the metaphor be tested against factual knowledge?

In the midst of this downturn, three economists believe they have found the explanations for when austerity policies work. However, they are cleverly ignoring the question of who it works for.

Demands for continued economic growth on a limited planet have caused the global and systemic crisis.

Some will discredit Martin Heidegger – because it is something in his social criticism that they would rather forget.

There is still a lot of gold in socialism, says philosopher Axel Honneth, who still does not hesitate to discard the left-wing revolutionary romance. 

We are in the final phase of a reactionary period that has lasted for 40 years, says Alain Badiou: Soon the Communist idea will resurrect.

The phenomenon of Trump has given new impetus to ideology criticism.